Abstract

This article analyzes the relationship between law and politics, arguing that political practice must remain guided by legal principles. Drawing on a historical review of Roman law as developed during the reign of Justinian, it explains the origins of concepts fundamental to modern democracy, such as sovereignty, the constitution, and the idea that power derives from the people. It also addresses the challenge posed in Mexico by the election of judges and magistrates, highlighting the need to ensure legitimacy, transparency, and technical competence through appropriate screening processes, sufficient information for the public, and simple voting mechanisms. Finally, the text examines the contemporary debate on human rights in the face of technological advances, particularly artificial intelligence and biotechnology. Drawing on the ideas of Gregorio Peces-Barba, it explores the debate between creating new rights or adapting existing ones to the digital reality, concluding that the function of law remains to protect people in the face of social and technological changes.