Abstract

The article explains that federalism is a form of political organization based on the union of diverse entities that retain their autonomy while sharing a common government. This system combines self-government and cooperation, distributing power and sovereignty among different levels. It is highlighted that federalism is dynamic and responds better to plural societies than centralist models. However, it faces problems such as the lack of coordination between levels of government and tendencies toward centralization. In the case of Mexico, the text describes a historical evolution marked by the tension between centralism and federalism, where power has frequently been concentrated at the federal level, weakening states and municipalities. Although there have been advances, imbalances in resources and competencies persist. The "revitalization of federalism" involves strengthening its legal framework, improving the distribution of competencies, promoting cooperation between levels of government, and achieving more balanced development. The ultimate goal is to build a more efficient, equitable federalism that aligns with the current needs of the country.